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Yes, your dog and cat can develop cataracts, which
are very similar to cataracts in humans. A cataract
is a collection of protein which collects on the lens
of the eyeball.
Cats are less susceptible than dogs. Certain
breeds of dogs (Cocker Spaniels, Poodles, Golden Retrievers)
can develop cataracts due to an inherited genetic trait.
Diabetes, a condition resulting in decreased insulin
and increased blood sugar can also induce cataract formation.
Diagnosis of cataracts is done by using a light directed
into the eyeball. The cataract is then seen on
the surface of the lens.
Another condition of aging of the lens of the dog's
eye is known as lenticular or nuclear sclerosis.
This condition is a normal phenomena which occurs when
the lens of the dog ages, and condenses protein towards
the center of the lens. This condensation or collection
of protein can be seen by the naked eye as a cloudy
appearance to the eyeball. When observed with
direct light shining into the eye however, the protein
is invisible, and produces no obstruction to vision.
Treatment of cataract(s) can be done both medically
and surgically. If the cataract is small, and
involves only one eye, usually there is no treatment
recommended. If the cataract is large enough to
block vision in one or both eyes, dilation of the pupil
(the "hole" in the center of the eye which
allows light to shine through), can be done with eye
drops or ointments. If the cataract doesn't involve
the entire lens, this technique allows the pet to see
around the perimeter of the cataract.
Surgery is similar to that in humans. Performed
mainly in dogs, the surgeon first determines if the
back of the eye known as the retina, is functioning
normally. If so, the cataract is then removed,
and a new lens may or may not be instilled. Dogs
seem to react no differently with their vision whether
a new lens is put in place or not. Some dogs may
develop problems with the new lens, so its placement
is somewhat controversial. This surgery is usually
performed by a board certified ophthalmologist.
Check with your veterinarian for referral recommendations
in your area.
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